Sudan’s Water Minister to Asharq Al-Awsat: Ethiopia’s Proposal Is ‘Suspicious’ as it Seeks Imposing a ‘Fait Accompli’

Sudan’s Irrigation and Water Minister Yasir Abbas Mohammed has described Ethiopia’s recent proposal for data exchange on its disputed Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) as “suspicious” and likely an attempt to buy more time.
Ethiopia’s
offer, according to the minister, is most likely a political tactic looking to
impose a fait accompli on concerned downstream countries, namely Egypt and
Sudan.
In
an interview with Asharq Al-Awsat, Mohammed justified Sudan’s rejection of the
tabled proposition by pointing out its shortcomings, which include a lack of
clarity on which data and information would be exchanged exactly.
He
added that Ethiopia’s suggestion to nominate dam operators for data exchange
before the filling of GERD in upcoming rainy seasons fails in defining
important details for the safe and fair operation and filling the controversial
dam.
Perhaps
most important of all, the pitch for data exchange does not cover the grounds
needed for ensuring that safety measures are in place and effective.
Sudan
fears that the GERD will put the operation of its Roseires dam, which is
located nearby the Ethiopian dam, and the lives of millions of Sudanese
citizens at “a very high risk” if an agreement regulating its operation and
filling is not reached.
As
for speculations of armed conflict breaking out over GERD, Mohammed said that
chances of war are “weak.”
Why
did Sudan reject the Ethiopian offer to exchange data on the second filling of
GERD?
We
rejected Ethiopia’s offer because it is selective. It only covers naming
operators for following up on the testing of the dam’s lower gates. The
proposal does not include sharing important data like GERD’s filling dates and
details and safety documents that we need to maintain safety at the Roseires
dam.
Although
we welcome the Ethiopian initiative, we stress the need for sharing vital
information under a binding legal agreement that will ensure the sustainability
and continuity of data exchange.
Can
an agreement be reached within the little time left before Ethiopia’s deadline
for the second filling of GERD in July?
Throughout
talks, despite the hiccups, there was great progress. We managed to agree on
about 90% of terms. Three legal points and four technical points remain
unsettled. Altogether, they amount to no more than 10%, but are considered
important and demand political will.
We
expect that an agreement can be reached within a day or two after resolving
those key points. The time left before the second filling is sufficient to sign
an agreement, because there is not much left to negotiate. We just need the
political will for it.
What
are the outstanding issues?
Three
main legal points are currently throwing a spanner in the works and they are
dam filling, dam operation, and ensuring the equitable distribution of Nile
waters.
Sudan
has proposed granting Ethiopia the full right to the unlimited use of Blue Nile
waters for irrigation, electricity and potable water if it abides by
international law that guarantees the equitable distribution of resources. Requesting
adherence to international law does not mean curtailing Ethiopia’s use of Nile
waters.
As
for the unsolved technical issues, they are not difficult to sort out if a
binding agreement is first produced for the abovementioned legal points.
Finding an agreement for them would be very easy.
What
concerns did Ethiopia voice during negotiations?
There
are no real concerns. The only present worries about Ethiopia's right to future
use of Blue Nile waters. On that matter, Sudan was the one to propose Article
14 of the Declaration of Principles on GERD, which gives Ethiopia the full
right to future projects on the Blue Nile in accordance with international law.
How
did Sudan go from recognizing GERD’s many benefits to viewing it as a real
threat?
Sudan’s
position changed after Ethiopia dodged signing a binding legal agreement.
Yes,
GERD can bring great benefits to Sudan as it regulates the flow of water,
increased hydroelectric generation and reduces the risk of floods, but it will
turn into a real threat in the absence of a compelling deal.
Before,
Ethiopia was keen on achieving agreement. But since last July, it started
insisting on filling the dam without first achieving any compelling accord.
Ethiopia’s fait accompli policy converts GERD to a threat, especially to the
operation of the nearby Roseires dam.
GERD is not located in Ethiopia’s heartland, it is only a mere 15 kilometers away from our borders, and 100 kilometers from Sudan’s Roseires dam. Without a binding legal agreement, GERD becomes a threat to Sudan, with all its benefits turning into risks.